EnterosorbU
EnterosorbU
EnterosorbU is a family of highly pure activated carbons optimized for biomedical applications. Carbon adsorbents have been used in biomedical application since 1550 BC. Activated carbon is biocompatible and “Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS)” by the FDA in the USA. The advantage of EnterosorbU compared to this conventional activated carbon is that the properties of EnterosorbU can be tuned for specific application.
EnterosorbU has the capability of adsorbing difficult-to-remove toxins from the somach, blood and other biological fluids. EnterosorbU sorbents have various applications including hemofiltration, enterosorbent, wound healing bandages, drug overdose and poisoning treatment.
We are interested in collaborating with industrial and academic partners to explore medical applications for EnterosorbU. This material can be used for decreasing toxicity of chemotherapy and ther toxic drug use. It also can be used in gerontology for cleaning bodies from toxins and keeping you young. Kidney and liver diseases are amoung other midical applications.
If you need help in selecting the right sorbent for your applications or are interested in partnering with us then please write us at sales@carbon.org.ua or call us at +380442332443.
FAQ
Activated carbon is referred to porous carbon that undergoes through a process called activation. Activation process involves high temperature treating of already pyrolyzed carbon (often referred as char) using so called activating agents such as carbon dioxide, steam, potassium hydroxide, etc. Activated carbon has great adsorption capabilities for which it is used in liquid or vapor phase filtration media. Activated carbon has surface area greater than 1,000 m2/g.
Use of activated carbon has been known for many centuries. In 1550BC, an Egyptian Papyrus referred to its use in medicinal treatment for food poisoning. In 1813 French chemist M. Bertrand swallowed a lethal dose of arsenic mixed with activated carbon and survived. In 1831, in an event organized by the French Academy of Medicine, Prof. Touery swallowed a lethal dose of strychnine mixed with activated carbon and survived. Ever since, activated charcoal has been used increasingly in hospitals around the world for poisoning.
Yes. Activated carbon is the treatment of choice worldwide for most emergency care poisoning and drug overdose patients. It is considered to be the most effective single agent available. It is used after a person swallows or absorbs almost any toxic drug or chemical.
Conventional activated carbons are prepared from a range of carbonaceous materials like wood, coal, coconut shells, etc. The raw material is converted in to char by a process called pyrolysis and activated by agents such as carbon dioxide, steam, potassium hydroxide, etc. This multi-step process introduces impurities in the final product. As a result, not all activated carbons are safe for medical use. The activated carbon is usually purified by washing in acid solutions. USP (U. S. Pharmacopoeia) certification is required to qualify activated carbon as medical grade carbon.
The EnterosorbU technology allows us to tune the properties of carbon sorbent for specific applications. The conventional activated carbon manufacturing processes allow little control over the pore structure. Most pores in activated carbons are micropores, i.e. below 2 nm, which limits their performance in many applications, including adsorption of large biomolecules. This is because in microporous carbon only surface adsorption takes place, whereas, EnterosorbU which is mesoporous, the adsorption takes place in the entire bulk of the carbon. Our technology enables us not only to tune the physical but also the surface properties of carbon. EnterosorbU can be manufactured with various degrees of surface hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity and can be further functionalized to provide the most efficient surface conditions for adsorption of specific molecules. EnterosorbU can also be produced in a bactericidal form.
Hemofiltration, enterosorbent, wound healing bandages, drug overdose and poisoning treatment.
Sepsis is a medical term for blood poisoning by an infectious agent. This causes the body to produce an array of biologically and immunologically active molecules called cytokines, which play a major role in causing life threatening systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and subsequent Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS). Laboratory data and clinical observations support the concept that these molecules participate in the pathogenesis of organ injury and that their blood levels correlate with the severity of illness and outcome. Sepsis kills around 500,000 annually. It is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States. There are more than 1,000,000 cases of sepsis each year in the U.S., with mortality rate of approximately 20%. Sepsis accounts for nearly $17 billion and €5.8-7.6 billion in annual healthcare expenditures in the United States and in Europe, respectively. Annually 18 million cases of severe sepsis occur worldwide, killing 1400 patients each day. The incidence of sepsis is expected to further increase by 1.5% every year, resulting in an additional 1 million cases per year by 2020.
Hemoadsorption’s benefits over existing sepsis and autoimmune treatments include lower cost, more efficient and effective treatment, and improved patient comfort during and after the treatments. Unlike dialysis, filtration, and drug-based therapy, hemoadsorption can remove toxins without introducing any other substances into the blood.
EnterosorbU is currently available for research and development purposes only. Please contact us at sales@carbon.org.ua or call us for additional information.
Our technology allows us to manufacture EnterosorbU with properties optimized for adsorption of specific molecule(s). We have the sorbents specifically developed for hemofiltration and enterosorbent application. Please contact us at sales@carbon.org.ua or call us for further information. We believe that the specific carbon that we develop for you will be complaint to Codex standard. Once you test and it peforms to your need, we can get the specific carbon certified as medical grade (as per Codex standard) within 2-4 weeks.
Custom products
We can develop custom based activated carbon for food, water and air applications. We have the capabilities of acid washing and treating with different chemicals. We have capabilities for halogen purification of various carbon and non-carbon products such as graphite, synthetic diamond, activated carbon, silica, zirconia, etc. We supply various grades of impregnated activated carbon such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium iodide, sulfur, potassium permanganate, silver, and palladium. For quote and additional information on our custom products, please, conact us.
Hemosorbent
Hemosorbent
EnterosorbU for hemosorbent applications is specifically designed to adsorb inflammatory mediators and cytokines to treat sepsis, a disease resulting from the body’s inflammatory response to severe infection. Sepsis affects over 20 million people worldwide each year and kills around 500,000 of them. EnterosorbU intended for sepsis is mesoporous in nature with slit-like open pore structure enabling the adsorption of cytokines to occur throughout the bulk of the material. It has a particle size of 100 microns, pore size of 5-10 nm, pore volume of over 1.0 cm3/g and a surface area over 1000 m2/g.
EnterosorbU is available in the bulk form that can be packed in hemofiltration cartridges used for extracorporeal organ assist devices.
Additionally, we have the capability of tuning the properties of EnterosorbU for the adsorption of specific biomolecules. If you need help in selecting the right sorbent for adsorption of specific molecule then please write us.
Cytokine adsorption
Severe and uncontrolled microbial infection often results in septicemia, causing septic shock and subsequent organ failure. This process leads to death from kidney and liver failure. Presence of growing amounts of various inflammatory mediators (cytokines) leads to sepsis. We performed the adsorption of 42 cytokines for 5, 30 and 60 minutes on one of our carbons. The results of the adsorption test is shown below.
Method
Fresh frozen human plasma was defrosted and spiked with a standard cytokine solution containing 42 cytokines at concentration of about 1000 pg/ml. Carbon adsorbents (0.02 g, particle size: 40/60 mesh) were equilibrated in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (0.5 ml) overnight prior to removal of PBS and addition of 800 ml of spiked human plasma. Controls consisted of spiked and un-spiked plasma with no adsorbent present. The samples were incubated at 37oC while shaking (90 rpm). After 5, 30 and 60 minutes of exposure times, the samples were centrifuged, and the 100 µl of supernatant was collected for analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using multiplex kits for human 42-plex cytokines.
Results and discussion
The EnterosorbU tested here showed excellent cytokine adsorption capability within one hour. The small molecular weight cytokines (10-15 kDa) like IL-1, IL-2, etc. showed 70-90% removal within 60 min, medium molecular weight cytokines (15-20 kDa) like TNF-alpha, IL-10, etc. showed 50-70% removal within 60 minutes and large molucules like IL-5, IL-6, VEGF demonstrated 20-50% removal in 60 minutes. There are many factors affecting the adsorption kinetics of biomolecules including their molecular weight, hydrodynamic radius, charge, polarity, etc. We can tune the sorbent properties necessary for optimal adsorption for a given set of cytokines. The experiment was conducted on a set of 42 cytokines. The adsorption kinetics will alter if less or more number of cytokines are used. It is expected that the cytokine adsorption will be higher and faster if a smaller number of cytokines are used.
Customized products
Need help determining which material best suits your application? Please give us a call at 215-788-2461 or email us at sales@carbon.org.ua. While companies using porous carbon can choose from hundreds of off-the-shelf commodity products, Carbon-Ukraine offers a new option: carbons whose properties are rapidly tuned for a specific application.
We are interested in partnering with end-users to develop carbons specifically tailored to meet their needs. Normally, when developing materials for a new application we will begin by thoroughly studying the underlying technology and the key materials properties required. Once we have an understanding of the materials properties required, we can provide small quantities of material for evaluation. Based on the results of your evaluation, we can provide additional samples to further optimize our materials for your application.
Important notice regarding this product
EnterosorbU is a product of Carbon-Ukraine, ltd. The statements, technical information and recommendations contained herein are believed to be accurate as of the date hereof. Since the conditions and methods of use of the product and of the information referred to herein are beyond our control, Carbon-Ukraine, ltd. expressly disclaims any and all liability as to any results obtained or arising from any use of the product or reliance on such information; NO WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR ANY OTHER WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IS MADE CONCERNING THE GOODS DESCRIBED OR THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HEREIN. The information provided herein relates only to the specific product designated and may not be applicable when such product is used in combination with other materials or in any process. The user should thoroughly test any application before commercialization. Nothing contained herein constitutes a license to practice under any patent and it should not be construed as an inducement to infringe any patent and the user is advised to take appropriate steps to be sure that any proposed use of the product will not result in patent infringement. The information contained in this document is based on tests conducted by Carbon-Ukraine, ltd. and data selected from the literature, but shall in no event be held to constitute or imply any warranty, undertaking, express or implied commitment from our part.
Our formal specifications define the limit of our commitment. Carbon-Ukraine, ltd. can accept no liability whatsoever with regard to the handling, processing or use of the product or products concerned which must in all cases be employed in accordance with all relevant laws and/or regulations in force in the country or countries concerned. EnterosorbU is currently available ONLY for research and development purpose and thus should not be used for any medical use.
Pharmaceutical decolorization
Pharmaceutical decolorization
Activated carbons have been widely used for many decades in the pharmaceutical industry for removal of impurities from the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) processes. The impurities are typically colored by-products, dissolved catalysts or other more complex species. Unlike carbons used in the market for API purification, our carbons are designed in a way that it removes the impurities without adsorbing the API. Decolorization of API is traditionally a cumbersome and dirty process that involves feeding carbon into reaction tanks to absorb color from the API mix.
Unlike traditional activated carbons, our product offers dust & fine free operation. EnterosorbU offers specialty carbons powders and carbon pads for use in pharmaceutical purification. EnterosorbU based columns are also excellent for separation of highly polar compounds and are used for separating polar analytes, isomeric forms, oligosaccharides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s).
Theophylline overdose
Theophylline overdose
Theophylline, also known as dimethylxanthine, is a prescription medication used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Theophylline overdose can occur as a consequence of a single, large ingestion or as a result of accumulation of the drug when taken chronically. Patients on long-term theophylline therapy may experience adverse reactions from the drug at lower serum concentrations when compared to similar reactions experienced by patients suffering from acute ingestions. This drug chiefly affects the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and central nervous systems, as well as producing metabolic abnormalities. Nausea, vomiting and hematemesis are quite common and may occur in patients with only mild theophylline toxicity. The theophylline level can be decreased by multiple doses of activated charcoal or hemoperfusion via activated carbon column. The plot on the right shows the theophylline adsorption of EnterosorbU and our competitor.
A mixture of 10 mg of carbon combined with 4.5 mg/ml aqueous solution of theophylline was vortexed for 10 seconds and then allowed to sit idle for 1 hour. The mixture was then filtered with a 0.2 micron polyester filter. The diluted filtrate (1:500 dilution) was analyzed using UV/Vis spectroscopy. Theophylline concentrations after exposure to adsorbents were determined using a theophylline standard curve.
The adsorption of theophylline on EnterosorbU was twice that of our competitor’s activated carbon. Such higher adsorption can lead to faster and quick recovery of theophylline overdone patients.
Need help determining which material best suits your application? Please give us a call at +380632332443 or email us at sales@carbon.org.ua. While companies using porous carbon can choose from hundreds of off-the-shelf commodity products, Carbon-Ukraine offers a new option: carbons whose properties are rapidly tuned for a specific application. We are interested in partnering with end-users to develop carbons specifically tailored to meet their needs. Normally, when developing materials for a new application we will begin by thoroughly studying the underlying technology and the key materials properties required. Once we have an understanding of the materials properties required, we can provide small quantities of material for evaluation. Based on the results of your evaluation, we can provide additional samples to further optimize our materials for your application.
EnterosorbU is a product of Carbon-Ukraine. The statements, technical information and recommendations contained herein are believed to be accurate as of the date hereof. Since the conditions and methods of use of the product and of the information referred to herein are beyond our control, Carbon-Ukraine expressly disclaims any and all liability as to any results obtained or arising from any use of the product or reliance on such information; NO WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR ANY OTHER WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IS MADE CONCERNING THE GOODS DESCRIBED OR THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HEREIN. The information provided herein relates only to the specific product designated and may not be applicable when such product is used in combination with other materials or in any process. The user should thoroughly test any application before commercialization. Nothing contained herein constitutes a license to practice under any patent and it should not be construed as an inducement to infringe any patent and the user is advised to take appropriate steps to be sure that any proposed use of the product will not result in patent infringement. The information contained in this document is based on tests conducted by Carbon-Ukraine and data selected from the literature, but shall in no event be held to constitute or imply any warranty, undertaking, express or implied commitment from our part. Our formal specifications define the limit of our commitment.
Carbon-Ukraine can accept no liability whatsoever with regard to the handling, processing or use of the product or products concerned which must in all cases be employed in accordance with all relevant laws and/or regulations in force in the country or countries concerned. EnterosorbU is currently available ONLY for research and development purpose and thus should not be used for any medical use.
Acetaminophen overdose
Acetaminophen overdose
In 2006, about 2.5 million poison exposures were reported (8 per 1,000) in US with one poison exposure every 14 seconds (AAPCC Annual Report). Over 75% of reported poison exposures involve ingestion of a poisonous substance. Medical expenses related to poisoning amounts to $26 million every year. The most common cause of poisoning deaths in the US is attributed to acetaminophen (Tylenol®), a widely used pain reliever and fever reducer available in hundreds of over-the-counter and prescriptions drugs, with more than 1 billion tablets sold annually. Although it is safe at recommended doses, acetaminophen overdose is one of the top ten most fatal toxin exposures that caused over 127,000 exposures in 2003, 16,500 of which resulted in care in a medical facility. In adults, dosages exceeding 10 – 15 grams can result in liver failure and dosages exceeding 25 grams can be deadly. Acetaminophen overdose is a major cause of acute liver failure; the proportion of acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure cases has alarmingly increased from 21% in 1998 to 51% in 2003.
Sample preparation and analysis
10 mg of carbon was mixed with 20, 50 and 100 mg/l aqueous solution of acetaminophen. The mixtures were vortexed for 10 seconds and then allowed to sit idle for 5 minutes. The mixtures were then centrifuged for 5 minutes. 200 µL supernatant containing unabsorbed acetaminophen was withdrawn and put into an High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) vial for acetaminophen quantification. Acetaminophen concentrations after exposure to adsorbents were determined using an acetaminophen standard curve.
Results and discussion
Adsorption of acetaminophen by activated carbon sold by our competitor decreases with increase in acetaminophen concentration. Unlike activated carbon of our competitor, EnterosorbU has 100% adsorption even at higher acetaminophen concentration. EnterosorbU is a more efficient adsorbent than our competitor’s product.
Customized products
Need help determining which material best suits your application? Please give us a call at +380442332443 or email us at sales@carbon.org.ua. While companies using porous carbon can choose from hundreds of off-the-shelf commodity products, Carbon-Ukraine offers a new option: carbons whose properties are rapidly tuned for a specific application. We are interested in partnering with end-users to develop carbons specifically tailored to meet their needs. Normally, when developing materials for a new application we will begin by thoroughly studying the underlying technology and the key materials properties required. Once we have an understanding of the materials properties required, we can provide small quantities of material for evaluation. Based on the results of your evaluation, we can provide additional samples to further optimize our materials for your application.
Important notice regarding this product
EnterosorbU is a product of Carbon-Ukraine. The statements, technical information and recommendations contained herein are believed to be accurate as of the date hereof. Since the conditions and methods of use of the product and of the information referred to herein are beyond our control, Carbon-Ukraine expressly disclaims any and all liability as to any results obtained or arising from any use of the product or reliance on such information; NO WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR ANY OTHER WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IS MADE CONCERNING THE GOODS DESCRIBED OR THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HEREIN. The information provided herein relates only to the specific product designated and may not be applicable when such product is used in combination with other materials or in any process. The user should thoroughly test any application before commercialization. Nothing contained herein constitutes a license to practice under any patent and it should not be construed as an inducement to infringe any patent and the user is advised to take appropriate steps to be sure that any proposed use of the product will not result in patent infringement. The information contained in this document is based on tests conducted by Carbon-Ukraine and data selected from the literature, but shall in no event be held to constitute or imply any warranty, undertaking, express or implied commitment from our part. Our formal specifications define the limit of our commitment. Carbon-Ukraine can accept no liability whatsoever with regard to the handling, processing or use of the product or products concerned which must in all cases be employed in accordance with all relevant laws and/or regulations in force in the country or countries concerned. EnterosorbU is currently available ONLY for research and development purpose and thus should not be used for any medical use.